Internal-combustion engine.



110.920,222.- PATBNTBD MAY. a, 190e.

A Dv MGR. LIv1NGsToN- AlrmmncoMUsTIoN ENGINE.

APPLI'GATI'ON FILED MAY 12. 1904.

ATTORNEY y lforming part ofithe compressor-piston sur-l N UmTED *STATES PATENT @ENCE D. MURAv LiviNesToN, {o'r'iiiiw renie n. r.

iNTERNAL-ComausioN ENeiNE.

`To all whom ,it may concern: Beit knownjthat I, D'. MORA LlvrNGsToN, la citizen of the United States, and afresident of the city of NewYork, borough of Manhat- 5 tan,jin the county and State of New York,

have invented'a new and Improved Internal- Combustion En in e, ofwhich the following is afull, clear, anv exact description.

The invention'relates to aitwo-cycle internal-combustion engine. p

Theobjectsof the .invention is to provide a valvelessjenginein Vthe cycle of which there will bemaintained astratification of scaveng ing-air and'fuel, so that after each explosion charge, which will then be compressed and "ignited in the usual or any desired manner, I attain this-end by certain novellfeatures of construction and organization, which will be fully set forth hereinafter and in which my lin- -vention resides, as will be pointed out in the ing that the piston is shownat the end 'of its a'indicates a. power-cylinder which may be water-jacketed, if desired, and litted with an power-stroke. 1

ignition device-'fior instance, a spark-plug,l

such as b.

c indicates a compressor-cylinder which is located at the outer end of the power-cylinder, and which preferably is of larger diameter 4than said cylinder. Working in the powercylinder a is -a trunk-piston d, having at its outeror `lower extremity an enlargement e,

face and workingin the compressor-cylinder y c. A rod f is joined to the head of the piston f d and passes through a startling-box and gland 5o g, formed on the top of the dome or trunk h. The dome -or trunk h is provided to reduce L -the contents ofthe compressor-cylinder c and also to assistin maintaining the stratification of this scavenger-air and fuel mixture, as will 5'5 fully appear hereinafter. As. here shown, f Aformed integral with the compressor-cylini Specification of Letters Patent.

Application filed May 12, 1904. Serial No. 297,531.

a volume of scavenging-air will be blown through the cylinder, coolingl and cleansing, the same, and will be followed by the fuel,

Patented my 8,19106.

deri is a web h at the base of said c linder, joining the cylinder and its interna dome. The inner end surface of the piston d receives the action of the gases of combustion in the usual manner,4 and the hollow interior sur-f yfaces and the outer surface of the enlarge" ment @Lof theiston constitute the compressor-piston su f ces. The dome h and web h form', as it wil "he observed, part of the walls of the compressorecylinder, kgiving the cylinder an annular crosssectional form, and the hollow pistoni` en in its outer position, as

in,Fig. 2 incldsesfthe dome h, the compressed gases then lyi glltetween the interior Iwalls of the hollow p sthA of the enlargement e and,`

` and lower extremity'oi the cylinder c;

.the web h1 dne to the pieten-ri` d f and to a crank (not s proportions of the A connectingrod t is ioinedA iown) in any desiredymannerf In Fig.` 1 the dotted line k indicates the crank radius, which ln'the pistonA slightly, so as to guide the entering gases u'pward into the upper part of the hollow piston d. It will he observed that the registry' of the parts 'Z and e occurs only when the piston is in its upper or inner position and that the instant the piston begins its downward .movement the port e' passes out of registry with the port l. In the walls of the cornpressor-cylinder e is formed a transfer-passage c, communicating .with the compressorcylinder at its base and leading to the inletport a of the power-cylinder. f The piston .IZ is provided with a port d', which when the piston is in its uppermost position is vadapted to register with the inlet-port a.' and with a port a2 in the lower extremity of the power"- cylinder u. compressor-cylinderlc is formed with n port or ports c2, communicating directly withfthe atmosphere, and when the piston d isfin its uppermost position the port d establishes communication between theperts'a and c1,

the port a2 in thelower extremity of the Gylinder a permitting this communieation.`

m indicates the exhaust-por@which,leads IOO The upper extremity of the from the base of the cylinder ay and is located l lowed by the combustible mixture.

slightly above the inlet-port a', so that as the piston reaches its outermost position the exhaust-port is uncovered an instant before the inlet-port.

The operation of the engine may be traced as follows: Assuming the parts to be in the position shown in Fig. 2, upon an inward movement of the piston the port a will be covered and the air in the hollow piston d will be rareed, so thatthe instant the parts reassume the' position shown in Fig. l a charge ofthe fuel mixture will be drawn into the hollow piston d through the registering ports l and e and a volume of atmospheric air will simultaneously rush into the lower part of the compressor-cylinder c through the ports caz, d', a', and c. In connection with this operation it will be observed that the fuel mixtureis directed into the hollow y iston d, while the scavenging-air is directed 'into the compressor-cylinder c, thus establishing a stratlication of the air and fuel mixture, which stratification, as will hereinafter a pear, is maintained throughout the cycle.

pon the following downstroke of the piston the stratified air and combustible mixture will be compressed, and when the pistons reach the position shown in Fig.- 2 the -scavfnging-air Iying nearer to the port a than the mixture wi l pass into the cylinder, scavenging and cooling the same, and it will be fol- .Upon the following upstroke of the piston the ports a and m are closed and the mixture will be compressed, and when theposition shown in Fig. 1 is nearly reached the mixture will be ignited, expanded, and at the end of the power-stroke exhausted through the port m in the usual manner. After the powerstroke the above described entry of the scavengin -air and mixture is repeatedin the order exp ained, and so on throughout the operation of the engine. In this connection it will be observed that a small volume of the mixturewill remain in the port c and the hollow piston d. This small volume of mixture, however, is forced up into the position when the parts assume the position shown in Fig. 1 by reason of the location of the air-supply port c', which introducing theatmospheric-air at the base of the com ressor-cylinder allows the advancing body o this air to push before it the small quantity of the mixture which may lie in the compressor-cylinder. It will also appear that since the fuel mixture is directed upward into the hollow piston by the disposition of the port e and the scavenger-air is discharged into the lower` part of the compressor-cylinder the upper part of the dome h, in its peculiar position with respect to the piston, will act to effect a division between these'two gases, lwhich will be undisturbed by the subsequent compressive action of the plston. Consequently a true stratificatlon of the scavenging-air and the mixture isconstantly maintained in a two-cycle engine without the use of valves of any sort'. The advantage of this arrangement will be apparent to persons skilled in the art.

aving thus described my invention, I claim as new and desire to secure by Letters Patent- 1. An internal-combustion engine having a power cylinder and piston and means forming a compressor communicating with the power-cylinder and operating in unison with the power-piston, said compressor having ports leading into thecompressor-chamber at opposite points therein and respectively serving to introduce the combustible mixture and scavenger-air whereby to maintain said elements in stratification in the compressor-V chamber and to discharge said elements in said relation to the power-cylinder.

2. An internal-combustion engine having a power cylinder and piston, a compressor 1ncluding a piston-like part carried by said piston, and means comprising valveless registering ports for introducing scavenger-air into one portion of the. compressor and a combustible mixture into the other portion and for successively leading the scavenger-air and fuel mixture to the power-cylinder.

3. An internal-combustion engine having a power cylinder and piston, a compressor-cylinder forming an enlarged continuation of the power-cylinder, the power-piston' having an enlarged portion forming a compressor-piston, and means for introducing scavenger-air into one portion of the compressor-cylinder and a combustible mixture1 into the other portion of the compressor-cylinder and for successively leading the scavenger-air and combustible mixture to the power-cylinder, said means comprising valveless registering ports in several of the engine parts.

4. Ari internal-combustion engine having a power cylinder and piston, a compressor-cylinder forming an enlarged continuation of the power-cylinder, the power-piston having an enlarged portion forming a compressor-piston, and means for introducing scavenger-air into one portion of the compressor-cylinder and a combustible mixture into the other portion of the compressor-cylinder and for successively leading the scavenger-air and combustible mixture to the power-cylinder, the power-piston being hollow and the compressor-cylmder having an internal dome covered by the hollow piston whenat the limit of the power-stroke.

5. An internal-combustion engine having a i IIO stroke, and means for introducing strata of 13o said compressor-cylinder and for controlling *the movement of said mixture and air to the power-cylinder;

6'. An internal-combustion engine having af power-cylinder and a'hollow piston, a. com-3' pressor-cylinder forming a continuation ofthe?. power-cylinder, the power-piston workingin lthe .compressor-cylinder and forming IO erevwith a compressor, an internal dome Arrr-the compressor-cylinder? coveredby the hollow piston when at the' limit of its` power-stroke, and means for controlling the gas movement in the engine, said means vincluding devices forintroducing scavenger-air into one portion of the compressor and a combustible mixture into the other and for successively leading thescavenger-air and combustible mixture into the power-cylinder.

57.- An internal-combustion engine having a "power-cylinder and a hollow piston, acompressor-cylinder vforming a continuation of the pover-cylinder,` the power-piston working in the compressor-cylinder aird'formingv therewith abompressor/an internal dome in the compressor-cylinder covered by the hollow piston when at the limit of its powerstroke, and means for controlling the gas movement in the enginel said means including valveless registering ports in several of the parts, for introducing scavenger-air into fen portion of the compressor and a combustible mixture into the other portion of the compressor and for successively leading the scavenger-air and combustible mixture to the power-cylinder.

8. .An internal-combustion engine having a power-cylinder with an inlet and an exhaust port, a hollow trunk power-piston havingan enlargement at its lower portion forming a compressor-piston7 the power-piston having a scavenger-airfport at its lower portion and the compressor-piston having a combustiblemixtureport leading upward into the hollow' power-piston, and a compressor-cylinder in which the compressor-piston operates, the compressor-cylinder having a combustiblemixture port adapted to register with the.'

combustible-mixture port of the compressorpiston, the compressor-cylinder also having a transfer-port running to the power-cylinderinletport and adapted to be connected through the medium of the said inlet-portand the scavenger-air port of the power-piston with the upper part of the compressor-cylinder above the compressor-piston, and the compressor-cylinder having atmospheric communication above the compressor-piston.

9. An internal-combustion engine having apower-cylindei with an inlet and an exhaust pont, a hollow trunk power-piston having an enlargement at its lower portion 'forming a compressor-piston, the power-piston having a scavenger-air port at its lower portion and the compressor-piston having a combustibleywhich `the compressor-piston'o e'rat"es","' h -coinpres'sor-,cylmder having al e t miiff@ port adapted to register with the combustible- :mixture port of the `compressor-p'iston,Ythe

compressor-cylinder also y having-a transferport runnin to the power-cylinder-inletport and adapte( to be connected through the medium of the said inlet-port and the scavengerair port of the power-piston with thel upper part of the .compressor-cylinder above the compressor-piston and the compressor-cylinder having atmospheric communication above the compressor-piston, and an internal, dome in the compressor-cylinder and adapted to be covered by the hollow power-piston .when at the limit of its power-stroke; Y'

10;l An internal-combustion engine,- having a power ylinder Aand piston, a compressor acting in unison with the power-piston, and means comprising valveless registering ports for introducing scaven er-air intoonc portion of the compressor7 an a combustible mixture into another portion ofthe compressor7 and for successively leading the sca'venger-air and combustible mixture to the powercylinder. y

11. An internal-combustion engine having a power cylinder and piston, a compressor acting in unison with the power-piston',` and means comprising valveless register-ing. ports for introducing stratified-scavengeif-air and combustible mixture into the compressor7 and for leading the saidvrnixture and air in said strata to the power-cylinder'. y f

12. An internal-combustion engine havin@ a poweror working cylinder with an'enlargef compressor-cylinder at the outer end thereof, a hollow piston of two diameters operating respectively within the power and compressor cylinders, a dome projecting into the compressor-cylinder and adapted to be inclosed by the piston-when in its outer position, and means comprising 'valveless registering ports Jfor introducing scavenger-air into the compressor-cylinder into the hollow piston when the piston is in its inner position7 and for leading said air and combustible mixture successively into the power-cylinder when the piston is in its outer position.

13. An internal-combustion engine having a power-cylinder, a compressor-cylinder at the outer end and compressor cylinders. a dome projecting into the compressor-cylinder and adapted to `be inclosed by the piston when at its outer thereof, a hollow piston of two diameters operating respectively m the power XOO and a combustible mixture for leading said mixture oi air in Said strata to the power-cylinder.

4: Y weee position, nieans comprising velveless registering ports for introducing stratified scavengerairiaiid combustible mixture into the coinleading said mixture of tiir in said strate to tlie power-cylinderr` :i piston-rod connected' to the piston :ind extending through the in ner end of the doine, and a. coi'ii'iecting-rod joined to the piston-rod and operating vvitliiii the said dome. y

15. An internal-combustion engine having a 'poiver or Working cylinder with an enlarged compressor-cylinder at the outer end thereof,

respec-tiveliv Within the poiver and compi-essor cylinders, a donie projecting into the conipressor-ctvliiider and adapted to be iiiclosed by the piston when in its outer position, means comprising valveless registering ports for introducing scavenger-enfuit() the coin presser-cylinder and a combustible mixture into the hollow piston when the piston is in its inner position, and for leading said nir and combustible mixture suceessivehv into the power-cylinder ivlien tlie piston is in its outer position, a piston-rod attached to the piston and extendingl through the inner end of the dome, and a connecting-rod attached to the piston-rod and operating within tlic deine.

16. An internal-conibustion engine having a power cylinder and piston, a compressor acting in unison with the power-cvlindei',A und means comprising valveless registering ports for introducing stratified scavenger-nir anda mixture oi inei and nir into the compressor and for leading seid scavenger-air and said mixture when Compressed directly from the. compressor into the power-cylinder.

17. An internal-conibustion engine having a working or power cylinder wi th un enlarged continuation forming a eonipressor-cylinder, hollow piston operating in the working cylinder sind having an enlarged portieri operating in seid conipressoi-cylinder, :ind inea-ns pressor-cyliiider and hollow piston, and lor comprising valveless registering ports for introducing a combustible mixture into the liollow piston and a volume ot scavenger-air into the conipressor-cylinder, und for lending seid nir and combustible mixture in successive strate into tliejvorlting cylinder, the engine having en exhaust-port arranged to permit the e` ape of saidscavenger-iiir after performu ingr its `function in tlie working cylinder and bei'oreft-lie ignition ol" the working charge. L- a holloiv piston of tivo diameters operating 'An interntil-combustion engine having ii power cylinder and piston, a compressor acting in unisoi'i with the pmver-cvliiider, and ineens comprising velvelcss registering ports for introducing stratified scavenger-air and e mixture of nir ind fuel into the compressor and for leading said sciivengeiziir and seid ,mixture ivlien compressed directliv from tlie compressor into the power-cylinder, said c'hvl inder having tin exhaust-port arranged to perniit the escape of seid scavenger-air after per forming its function in the working cylinder, and before the ignition of tlie working charge.

ln testimony whereof l have signed m5v name to this specification iii the presence of two .subscribing Witnesses.

D. )le RA LD'IXGSTOL.

vYi'itnesses:

lsxxo B. Ownxs, JNO. M. RiTTnR. 

